GENDER PECULIARITIES OF SPORTS TRAINING OF QUALIFIED FEMALE ATHLETES IN BIATHLON
Abstract
Every year the popularity of women in high performance sports, including biathlon, increases. Sports achievements of women and men have not only gender differences. This is due to morpho-constitutional differences (body size, weight, composition and structure of tissues) and individual-psychological (women's reactions are more emotional, hyperreflexive in contrast to men, their reactions are more vivid and richer). The aim of the study was the theoretical substantiation and analysis of gender features of female biathletes determining their sports training. During the theoretical study, it was found that women's adaptation to great physical exertion is closely related to the level of sex hormones. Disturbances in the function of sex glands lead to a decrease in athletic performance. There are two peaks of performance. The first one coincides with the increase in estrogen concentration (2-nd phase, the 5th-7th day of a cycle), the second one progesterone (4th phase, the 16th-18th day of a cycle). A relatively high level of performance is maintained from day 7 to 11 of the cycle (2nd phase of the cycle), as well as from day 19 to 25 (2nd phase of the cycle). Starting from the 12th-15th day the lowest level of efficiency is observed. Practical recommendations are given, determining the training pattern of women biathletes on the basis of their physiological status.
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