HUMORAL LINK DISORDERS OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN COAL MINERS

Abstract

Dust diseases of the respiratory system are severe and quite common in the world of professional diseases. Occupational dust pathology consists mainly of pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of dust etiology. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis have a single etiological agent-industrial pollutants (coal-rock dust). In the presence of a common etiological factor (dust), dust respiratory diseases have common links of pathogenesis and common symptoms (cough, shortness of breath). The general identification of many mechanisms in the formation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of dust etiology and pneumoconiosis is the basis for the development of rehabilitation programs on the syndrome-pathogenetic principle. Due to the breakdown of regulatory mechanisms, the inflammatory process progresses even in cases where the impact of aggressive agents, including irritating and toxic substances, is stopped. In response to prolonged (10-15 years) inhalation of coal-rock dust of various dispersion, composition and concentration in pathological reactivity, some workers have respiratory diseases. Getting into the bronchi and lungs, dust is deposited there and eventually begins to cause autoimmune reactions to these organs. Gradually, the process of bronchopulmonary pathology development becomes chronic and triggers autoimmune reactions to other organs. We conducted studies of the titer of autoantibodies to antigens of the kidney, spleen, thymus, normal DNA, denatured DNA, lungs, bronchi. In miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the study of the autoantibodies titer in the passive hemagglutination reaction, an increase in all antigens studied was observed. An increase in the titers of autoantibodies and a decrease in the phagocytic function of neutrophils can lead to an increase in circulating immune complexes in the blood serum. This confirms the development of systemic damage to the immune system in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Under the conditions of formation of circulating immune complexes with a slight excess of antigen (autoantigens), medium-molecular complexes are formed, which are able to activate the complement. They are not phagocytic, are slowly eliminated and have the greatest pathogenic potential. The level of medium-molecular circulating immune complexes in the serum of miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased in comparison with relatively healthy miners. Similar autoimmune disorders are observed in case of dust diseases of the respiratory organs.